- Title
- A Comprehensive Review of the Current Progress of Chromium Removal Methods from Aqueous Solution
- Creator
- Islam, Md. Monjurul; Mohana, Anika Amir; Rahman, Md. Aminur; Rahman, Mahbubur; Naidu, Ravi; Rahman, Mohammad Mahmudur
- Relation
- Toxics Vol. 11, Issue 3, no. 252
- Publisher Link
- http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11030252
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Resource Type
- journal article
- Date
- 2023
- Description
- Chromium (Cr) exists in aqueous solution as trivalent (Cr3+) and hexavalent (Cr6+) forms. Cr3+ is an essential trace element while Cr6+ is a dangerous and carcinogenic element, which is of great concern globally due to its extensive applications in various industrial processes such as textiles, manufacturing of inks, dyes, paints, and pigments, electroplating, stainless steel, leather, tanning, and wood preservation, among others. Cr3+ in wastewater can be transformed into Cr6+ when it enters the environment. Therefore, research on Cr remediation from water has attracted much attention recently. A number of methods such as adsorption, electrochemical treatment, physico-chemical methods, biological removal, and membrane filtration have been devised for efficient Cr removal from water. This review comprehensively demonstrated the Cr removal technologies in the literature to date. The advantages and disadvantages of Cr removal methods were also described. Future research directions are suggested and provide the application of adsorbents for Cr removal from waters.
- Subject
- chromium; adsorption; remediation; wastewater; SDG 6; SDG 9; Sustainable Development Goals
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1479811
- Identifier
- uon:50383
- Identifier
- ISSN:2305-6304
- Rights
- © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
- Language
- eng
- Full Text
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| Thumbnail | File | Description | Size | Format | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| View Details Download | ATTACHMENT02 | Publisher version (open access) | 1 MB | Adobe Acrobat PDF | View Details Download |