- Title
- The roles of non-coding RNAs in tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis
- Creator
- Md Yusof, Khairunnisa; Rosli, Rozita; Abdullah, Maha; Avery-Kiejda, Kelly A.
- Relation
- Cancers Vol. 12, Issue 11, no. 3290
- Publisher Link
- http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12113290
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Resource Type
- journal article
- Date
- 2020
- Description
- Lymphatic vessels are regarded as the "forgotten" circulation. Despite this, growing evidence has shown significant roles for the lymphatic circulation in normal and pathological conditions in humans, including cancers. The dissemination of tumor cells to other organs is often mediated by lymphatic vessels that serve as a conduit and is often referred to as tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis. Some of the most well-studied lymphangiogenic factors that govern tumor lymphangiogenesis are the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-C/D and VEGFR-2/3), neuroplilin-2 (NRP2), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), to name a few. However, recent findings have illustrated that non-coding RNAs are significantly involved in regulating gene expression in most biological processes, including lymphangiogenesis. In this review, we focus on the regulation of growth factors and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the lymphatic development in normal and cancer physiology. Then, we discuss the lymphangiogenic factors that necessitate tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis, with regards to ncRNAs in various types of cancer. Understanding the different roles of ncRNAs in regulating lymphatic vasculature in normal and cancer conditions may pave the way towards the development of ncRNA-based anti-lymphangiogenic therapy.
- Subject
- ncRNA; miRNA; IncRNA; LEC; tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis; lymphatic; SDG 3; Sustainable Development Goals
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1452669
- Identifier
- uon:44474
- Identifier
- ISSN:2072-6694
- Rights
- © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
- Language
- eng
- Full Text
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