- Title
- Transformation of Antimonate at the Biochar–Solution Interface
- Creator
- Rahman, Md. Aminur; Rahman, Mohmmad Mahmudur; Bahar, Mezbaul; Sanderson, Peter; Lamb, Dane
- Relation
- ACS - ES & T Water Vol. 1, Issue 9, p. 2029-2036
- Publisher Link
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.1c00115
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society
- Resource Type
- journal article
- Date
- 2021
- Description
- Antimony (Sb) is a potentially carcinogenic contaminant that is also of notable commercial and industrial demand. Antimony’s toxicity is increased by the redox transformation of pentavalent antimony (SbV) to its trivalent form (SbIII). This study reports the redox transformation of Sb at the biochar–water interface by using a range of analytical techniques. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the reduction of SbV to SbIII and the formation of Sb2O3 (senarmonite, which is a proven carcinogenic compound) when reacted with biochar. Under oxic conditions, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data confirmed the redox transformation of SbV to SbIII on the surface of the biochars. The transformation of SbV to SbIII in the aqueous phase could not be detected by high-performance liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC–ICP-MS). The maximum SbV adsorption capacity by cow manure (CMBC) and horse manure (HMBC) biochar was 12.87 and 16.56 mg/g, respectively. The experimental SbV sorption data were fitted with the second order rate kinetics and the Freundlich isotherm model, indicating that the sorption was a multilayer form on the heterogeneous surface of biochar through electrostatic attraction and surface complexation followed by precipitation and reduction. The results demonstrate the transformation of SbV to potentially more toxic forms when reacted with biochar, questioning the suitability of biochar for environmental remediation applications.
- Subject
- reduction; sorption; surface precipitation; carcinogen; management
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1450157
- Identifier
- uon:43850
- Identifier
- ISSN:2690-0637
- Language
- eng
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