- Title
- Two pathways for venom toxin entry consequent to injection of an Australian elapid snake venom
- Creator
- van Heiden, Dirk F.; Dosen, Peter J.; O'Leary, Margaret A.; Isbister, Geoffrey K.
- Relation
- Scientific Reports Vol. 9, no. 8595
- Publisher Link
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-45022-4
- Publisher
- Nature Publishing Group
- Resource Type
- journal article
- Date
- 2019
- Description
- Here we test and refute the hypothesis that venom toxins from an Australian elapid, the Eastern Brown snake (Pseudonaja textilis, PTx), solely require lymphatic transport to enter the circulation. Studies were made using anaesthetised non-recovery rats in which a marker dye (India ink) or highly potent PTx venom was injected into the hind paw. The studies required a means of inhibiting lymphatic function, as achieved by cooling of the test hind limb to low temperatures (~3 °C). Maintained entry of a non-lethal dose (0.15 mg/kg) and respiratory arrest consequent to injection of a lethal dose (1 mg/kg) of PTx venom at these low temperatures indicate that venom including toxin components enter the circulation directly via the vascular system, a process facilitated by, but not dependent on, lymphatic transport. Notably, the venom had a direct effect on vascular permeability markedly increasing this to allow extravasation of plasma albumin (MWt ~60 kDa).
- Subject
- two pathways; venom toxic; Australian elapid snake venom; lymphatic function
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1444125
- Identifier
- uon:42206
- Identifier
- ISSN:2045-2322
- Rights
- © The Author(s) 2019. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
- Language
- eng
- Full Text
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