- Title
- High-protein meals require 30% additional insulin to prevent delayed postprandial hyperglycaemia
- Creator
- Paterson, M. A.; Smart, C. E. M.; Howley, P.; Price, D. A.; Foskett, D. C.; King, B. R.
- Relation
- Diabetic Medicine Vol. 37, Issue 7, p. 1185-1191
- Publisher Link
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dme.14308
- Publisher
- Wiley-Blackwell
- Resource Type
- journal article
- Date
- 2020
- Description
- Aim: To determine the amount of additional insulin required for a high-protein meal to prevent postprandial hyperglycaemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes using insulin pump therapy. Methods: In this randomized cross-over study, 26 participants aged 8–40 years, HbA1c < 65 mmol/mol (8.1%), received a 50 g protein, 30 g carbohydrate, low-fat (< 1 g) breakfast drink over five consecutive days at home. A standard insulin dose (100%) was compared with additional doses of 115, 130, 145 and 160% for the protein, in randomized order. Doses were commenced 15-min pre-drink and delivered over 3 h using a combination bolus with 65% of the standard dose given up front. Postprandial glycaemia was assessed by 4 h of continuous glucose monitoring. Results: The 100% dosing resulted in postprandial hyperglycaemia. From 120 min, ≥ 130% doses resulted in significantly lower postprandial glycaemic excursions compared with 100% (P < 0.05). A 130% dose produced a mean (sd) glycaemic excursion that was 4.69 (2.42) mmol/l lower than control, returning to baseline by 4 h (P < 0.001). From 120 min, there was a significant increase in the risk of hypoglycaemia compared with control for 145% [odds ratio (OR) 25.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.5–206; P < 0.001) and 160% (OR 103, 95% CI 19.2–993; P < 0.001). Some 81% (n = 21) of participants experienced hypoglycaemia following a 160% dose, whereas 58% (n = 15) experienced hypoglycaemia following a 145% dose. There were no hypoglycaemic events reported with 130%. Conclusions: The addition of 30% more insulin to a standard dose for a high-protein meal, delivered using a combination bolus, improves postprandial glycaemia without increasing the risk of hypoglycaemia.
- Subject
- high protein meal; postprandial hyperglycaemia; type 1 diabetes; insulin; SDG 3; Sustainable Development Goals
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1436769
- Identifier
- uon:40131
- Identifier
- ISSN:0742-3071
- Language
- eng
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