- Title
- Examination of how variations in lignin properties from Kraft and organosolv extraction influence the physicochemical characteristics of hydrothermal carbon
- Creator
- Latham, Kenneth G.; Matsakas, Leonidas; Figueira, João; Rova, Ulrika; Christakopoulos, Paul; Jansson, Stina
- Relation
- Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis Vol. 155, Issue May 2021, no. 105095
- Publisher Link
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2021.105095
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Resource Type
- journal article
- Date
- 2021
- Description
- Seven different lignin samples, three from Kraft extraction and four from organosolv extraction, were subjected to hydrothermal treatment at 260℃ for four hours to assess the impact of lignin type on the physicochemical properties of the hydrothermal material. The 13C Solid state NMR, XPS, FTIR and SEM analysis revealed that the different sources of lignin and the extraction conditions created variations in the degree of syringyl and guaiacyl subunits, inter-unit bonding arrangements, morphology and surface composition. Hydrothermal carbonization appeared to “normalize” the differences between each of the lignin samples, via breaking β-O-4 or α-O-4 linkages, removal of methoxy and syringyl subunits, and creation of Csingle bondC and 4-O-5 linkages to polymerization into large 100−200 μm amorphous carbon particles. Overall, this study indicates that the source and extraction type have minimal influence on the physicochemical structure and morphology of the final hydrothermal product.
- Subject
- hydrothermal synthesis; biomass; hydrochar; XPS; FTIR; solid state NMR
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1421603
- Identifier
- uon:37748
- Identifier
- ISSN:0165-2370
- Rights
- © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
- Language
- eng
- Full Text
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