- Title
- Nitrogen doped heat treated and activated hydrothermal carbon: NEXAFS examination of the carbon surface at different temperatures
- Creator
- Latham, Kenneth G.; Dose, Wesley M.; Allen, Jessica A.; Donne, Scott W.
- Relation
- Carbon Vol. 128, Issue March, p. 179-190
- Publisher Link
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2017.11.072
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Resource Type
- journal article
- Date
- 2018
- Description
- Hydrothermal carbons have been shown to have controllable surface functionalization through various post-treatment techniques, which indicates these materials may be tuned for specific applications. For this reason, Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) studies have been conducted on a series of nitrogen doped and non-doped heat treated and activated hydrothermal carbons to further understand the changes in surface functionality with treatment. The NEXAFS carbon K-edge spectrum of the non-doped samples displayed a loss of oxygen functionalities (CO=and_COH) as well as the furan ring structure with increasing temperature, while C=C bonds from graphitic groups increased. This effect was amplified further upon the addition of phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) during activation. The doped hydrothermal carbons displayed similar functionality to the non-doped, although the effect of both heat treatment and activation was diminished. The nitrogen K-edge displayed characteristic peaks for pyridine and imines/amides, with pyrroles located under the broad ionization step. This work represents the first time a series of heat treated and activated hydrothermal carbons have been examined via NEXAFS spectroscopy. Additionally, difference analysis has been applied to the NEXAFS spectra to obtain a deeper understanding in the changes in surface functionality, a previously unused technique for these materials.
- Subject
- hydrothermal carbon; near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure; nitrogen; heat; carbon surfaces
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1393423
- Identifier
- uon:33541
- Identifier
- ISSN:0008-6223
- Language
- eng
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