- Title
- The role of inorganic nitrate and nitrite in CVD
- Creator
- Jackson, Jacklyn; Patterson, Amanda J.; MacDonald-Wicks, Lesley; McEvoy, Mark
- Relation
- Nutrition Research Reviews Vol. 30, Issue 2, p. 247-264
- Publisher Link
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954422417000105
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press
- Resource Type
- journal article
- Date
- 2017
- Description
- CVD is the leading cause of death worldwide, a consequence of mostly poor lifestyle and dietary behaviours. Although whole fruit and vegetable consumption has been consistently shown to reduce CVD risk, the exact protective constituents of these foods are yet to be clearly identified. A recent and biologically plausible hypothesis supporting the cardioprotective effects of vegetables has been linked to their inorganic nitrate content. Approximately 60–80 % inorganic nitrate exposure in the human diet is contributed by vegetable consumption. Although inorganic nitrate is a relatively stable molecule, under specific conditions it can be metabolised in the body to produce NO via the newly discovered nitrate–nitrite–NO pathway. NO is a major signalling molecule in the human body, and has a key role in maintaining vascular tone, smooth muscle cell proliferation, platelet activity and inflammation. Currently, there is accumulating evidence demonstrating that inorganic nitrate can lead to lower blood pressure and improved vascular compliance in humans. The aim of this review is to present an informative, balanced and critical review of the current evidence investigating the role of inorganic nitrate and nitrite in the development, prevention and/or treatment of CVD. Although there is evidence supporting short-term inorganic nitrate intakes for reduced blood pressure, there is a severe lack of research examining the role of long-term nitrate intakes in the treatment and/or prevention of hard CVD outcomes, such as myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality. Epidemiological evidence is needed in this field to justify continued research efforts.
- Subject
- nitrate; nitrite; CVD
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1353669
- Identifier
- uon:31134
- Identifier
- ISSN:0954-4224
- Rights
- This article has been published in a revised form in Nutrition Research Reviews http://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422417000105. This version is free to view and download for private research and study only. Not for re-distribution, re-sale or use in derivative works. © The Authors 2017
- Language
- eng
- Full Text
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