- Title
- Influence of cardiovascular fitness and muscle strength in early adulthood on long-term risk of stroke in Swedish men
- Creator
- Åberg, N. David; Kuhn, H. Georg; Nyberg, Jenny; Waern, Margda; Friberg, Peter; Svensson, Johan; Torén, Kjell; Rosengren, Annika; Åberg, Maria A. I.; Nilsson, Michael
- Relation
- Stroke Vol. 46, Issue 7, p. 1769-1776
- Publisher Link
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.009008
- Publisher
- Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
- Resource Type
- journal article
- Date
- 2015
- Description
- Background and purpose: Low cardiovascular fitness (fitness) in mid- and late life is a risk factor for stroke. However, the respective effects on long-term stroke risk of fitness and muscle strength in early adulthood are unknown. Therefore, we analyzed these in a large cohort of young men. Method: We performed a population-based longitudinal cohort study of Swedish male conscripts registered in 1968 to 2005. Data on fitness (by the cycle ergometric test; n=1 166 035) and muscle strength (n=1,563,750) were trichotomized (low, medium, and high). During a 42-year follow-up, risk of stroke (subarachnoidal hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, and ischemic stroke) and fatality were calculated with Cox proportional hazards models. To identify cases, we used the International Classification of Diseases-Eighth to Tenth Revision in the Hospital Discharge Register and the Cause of Death Register. Results: First-time stroke events were identified (subarachnoidal hemorrhage, n=895; intracerebral hemorrhage, n=2904; ischemic stroke, n=7767). For all stroke and fatality analysis any type of first-time stroke was recorded (n=10,917). There were inverse relationships in a dose-response fashion between fitness and muscle strength with any stroke (adjusted hazard ratios for the lowest, compared with the highest, tertile of each 1.70 [1.50-1.93] and 1.39 [1.27-1.53], respectively). There were stronger associations for fatal stroke. All 3 stroke types displayed similar associations. Associations between fitness and stroke remained when adjusted for muscle strength, whereas associations between muscle strength and stroke weakened/disappeared when adjusted for fitness. Conclusions: At the age of 18 years, low fitness and to a lesser degree low muscle strength were independently associated with an increased future stroke risk.
- Subject
- epidemiology; exercise; incidence; muscles; stroke
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1341964
- Identifier
- uon:28856
- Identifier
- ISSN:0039-2499
- Language
- eng
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