- Title
- Neonatal hepatitis
- Creator
- Nightingale, Scott; Ng, Vicky Lee
- Relation
- Pediatric Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease p. 728-740
- Publisher Link
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4377-0774-8.10068-5
- Publisher
- Elsevier Saunders
- Resource Type
- book chapter
- Date
- 2011
- Description
- The term neonatal hepatitis originated in the 1950s when few etiologies of neonatal liver disease were identified, and pathologists recognized a characteristic histologic appearance of the neonatal liver in response to injury. The term has since been used to refer to virtually all forms of liver dysfunction in the neonate presenting clinically as jaundice due to conjugated hyperbilirubinemia within the first 3 months of life, after structural or anatomic disorders of the biliary tree have been excluded. However, this term is misleading because it implies an infectious process involving the liver (such as the numerous forms of viral hepatitis), because hepatic inflammation may not be a predominant histologic feature, and because it is really a pathologic appearance rather than a diagnosis. A term proposed to circumvent these imprecisions is neonatal hepatitis syndrome, emphasizing the uniformity of the clinical phenotype caused by the conglomerate of infectious, genetic, toxic, and metabolic causative disease processes leading to impaired excretory function and bile secretion. Advances in diagnostic technology have enabled identification of a host of discrete entities including inherited conditions such as the progressive familial intrahepatic cholestatic (PFIC) syndromes, bile acid synthetic defects, and more recently, citrin deficiency. As a result, the designation of idiopathic neonatal hepatitis continues to be used for neonatal liver disease for which no specific etiologic factor can be ascertained, after a thorough work-up using contemporary technology As newer disease entities are characterized, these terms are likely to become less useful.
- Description
- 4th ed.
- Subject
- neonatal hepatitis syndrome; liver dysfunction; neonates; cholestasis
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1044937
- Identifier
- uon:14390
- Identifier
- ISBN:9781437707748
- Language
- eng
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